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132 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
132 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
# C3 Language
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C3 is a C-like language trying to be "an incremental improvement over C" rather than a whole new language.
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C3 owes a lot to the ideas of the [C2 language](http://c2lang.org): to iterate on top of C without trying to be a
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whole new language.
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C3 tries to be an alternative in the the C/C++ niche: fast and close to the metal.
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### Design Principles
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- Procedural "get things done"-type of language.
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- Try to stay close to C - only change where truly needed.
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- C ABI compatibility and excellent C integration.
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- Learning C3 should be easy for a C programmer.
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- Data is inert.
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- Avoid "big ideas" & the "more is better" fallacy.
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- Introduce some higher level conveniences where the value is great.
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### Example code
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```c++
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module hello_world;
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import std::io;
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func void main()
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{
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io::printf("Hello, world!\n");
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}
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```
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### In what ways do C3 differ from C?
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- No mandatory header files
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- New semantic macro system
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- Generic modules
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- Module based
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- Subarrays (slices) and vararrays built in
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- Compile time reflection
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- Enhanced compile time execution
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- "Result" based zero overhead error handling
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- Defer
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- Value methods
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- Associated enum data
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- Built in strings
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- No preprocessor
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- Undefined behaviour trapped on debug by default
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- Optional pre and post conditions
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### Current status
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It's possible to try out the current C3 compiler in the browser: https://ide.judge0.com/?1EFo – this is courtesy of the
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developer of Judge0.
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Design work is still being done in the design draft here: https://c3lang.github.io/c3docs/. If you have any suggestions, send a mail to [christoffer@aegik.com](mailto:christoffer@aegik.com), [file an issue] (https://github.com/c3lang/c3c/issues) or discuss
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C3 on its dedicated Discord: https://discord.gg/qN76R87
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you are also welcome to discuss in the C3 channel on
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the r/ProgrammingLanguages Discord: https://discord.gg/cfu4wdk
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#### Todo / done
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- [x] For/while/do
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- [x] `if`/ternary
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- [x] Structs
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- [x] Union
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- [x] Enums
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- [x] Value methods
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- [x] Compound literals
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- [x] Designated initalizers
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- [x] Slicing syntax
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- [x] Arrays and subarrays
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- [x] Modules
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- [x] `$unreachable`
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- [x] Compile time assert with `$assert`
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- [x] Compiler guiding `assert`
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- [x] C code calling by declaring methods `extern`
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- [x] Compile time variables
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- [x] Basic macros
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- [x] 4cc, 8cc, 2cc
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- [x] Enum type inference in switch/assignment
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- [x] Integer type inference
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- [x] Error type
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- [x] Failable error handling
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- [x] `try` for conditional execution
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- [x] `catch` for error handling
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- [x] Implicit unwrap after `catch`
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- [x] `sizeof`
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- [x] `typeof`
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- [x] 2s complement wrapping operators
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- [x] Labelled break / continue
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- [x] `next` statement
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- [x] Expression blocks
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- [x] Do-without-while
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- [ ] Foreach statement
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- [ ] All attributes
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- [ ] Associative array literals
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- [ ] CT type constants
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- [ ] Reflection methods
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- [ ] Anonymous structs
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- [ ] Distinct types
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- [ ] LTO/ThinLTO setup
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- [ ] Built-in linking
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- [ ] `global` / `shared` for globals
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- [ ] Complex macros
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- [x] CT only macros evaluating to constants
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- [ ] Escape macros
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- [ ] Implicit capturing macros
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- [ ] Trailing body macros
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- [ ] Subarray initializers
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- [ ] slice initializers e.g. `{ [1..2] = 2 }`
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- [ ] Bitstructs
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- [ ] `asm` section
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- [ ] `$switch`
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- [ ] `$for`
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- [ ] Pre-post conditions
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- [ ] Stdlib inclusion
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- [ ] Generic modules
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- [ ] String functions
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- [ ] Vararrays e.g. `int[*]`
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- [ ] Compile time incremental arrays
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- [-] Complete C ABI conformance *in progress*
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- [ ] Generic functions
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- [-] Debug info *in progress*
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- [ ] Simd vectors
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- [ ] Complex types
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#### What can you help with?
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- If you wish to contribute with ideas, please file issues on the c3docs: https://github.com/c3lang/c3docs instead of the compiler.
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- Discuss the language on discord to help iron out syntax.
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- Stdlib work will soon start, do you want to help out building the C3 std lib?
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- Do you want to do real compiler work? Everyone is welcome to contribute.
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